What Is Socialization All About

Socialization is a process that introduces people to social norms and customs. This process helps individuals function well in society, and, in turn, helps society run smoothly. Family members, teachers, religious leaders, and peers all play roles in a persons socialization. This process typically occurs in two stages: Primary socialization takes place from birth through adolescence, and secondary socialization continues throughout ones life. Adult socialization may occur whenever people find themselves in new circumstances, especially those in which they interact with individuals whose norms or customs differ from theirs. The Purpose of Socialization During socialization, a person learns to become a member of a group, community, or society. This process not only accustoms people to social groups but also results in such groups sustaining themselves. For example, a new sorority member gets an insiders look at the customs and traditions of a Greek organization. As the years pass, the member can apply the information shes learned about the sorority when newcomers join, allowing the group to carry on its traditions. On a macro level, socialization ensures that we have a process through which the norms and customs of society are transmitted. Socialization teaches people what is expected of them in a particular group or situation; it is a form of social control. Socialization has numerous goals for youth and adults alike. It teaches children to control their biological impulses, such as using a toilet instead of wetting their pants or bed. The socialization process also helps individuals develop a conscience aligned with social norms and prepares them to perform various roles. The Socialization Process in Three Parts Socialization involves both social structure and interpersonal relations. It contains three key parts: context, content and process, and results. Context, perhaps, defines socialization the most, as it refers to culture, language, social structures and one’s rank within them. It also includes history and the roles people and institutions played in the past. Ones life context will significantly affect the socialization process. For example, a familys economic class may have a huge impact on how parents socialize their children. Research has found that parents emphasize the values and behaviors most likely to help children succeed given their station in life. Parents who expect their children to work blue-collar jobs are more likely to emphasize conformity and respect for authority, while those who expect their children to pursue artistic, managerial, or entrepreneurial professions are more likely to emphasize creativity and independence. Gender stereotypes also exert a strong influence on socialization processes. Cultural expectations for gender roles and gendered behavior are imparted to children through color-coded clothes and types of play. Girls usually receive toys that emphasize physical appearance and domesticity such as dolls or dollhouses, while boys receive playthings that involve thinking skills or call to mind traditionally male professions such as Legos, toy soldiers, or race cars. Additionally, research has shown that girls with brothers are socialized to understand that household labor is expected of them but not of their male siblings. Driving the message home is that girls tend not to receive pay for doing chores, while their brothers do. Race also plays a factor in socialization. Since white people dont disproportionately experience police violence, they can encourage their children to know their rights and defend them when the authorities try to violate them. In contrast, parents of color must have whats known as the talk with their children, instructing them to remain calm, compliant, and safe in the presence of law enforcement. While context sets the stage for socialization, the content and process constitute the work of this undertaking. How parents assign chores or tell their kids to interact with police are examples of content and process, which are also defined by the duration of socialization, those involved, the methods used, and the type of experience. School is an important source of socialization for students of all ages. In class, young people receive guidelines related to behavior, authority, schedules, tasks, and deadlines. Teaching this content requires social interaction between educators and students. Typically, rules and expectations are both written and spoken, and student conduct is either rewarded or penalized. As this occurs, students learn behavioral norms suitable for school. In the classroom, students also learn what sociologists describe as hidden curricula. In her book Dude, Youre a Fag, sociologist C.J. Pasco revealed the hidden curriculum of gender and sexuality in U.S. high schools. Through in-depth research at a large California school, Pascoe revealed how faculty members and events like pep rallies and dances reinforce rigid gender roles and heterosexism. In particular, the school sent the message that aggressive and hypersexual behaviors are generally acceptable in white boys but threatening in Black ones. Though not an official part of the schooling experience, this hidden curriculum tells students what society expects of them based on their gender, race, or class background. Results are the outcome of socialization and refer to the way a person thinks and behaves after undergoing this process. For example, with small children, socialization tends to focus on control of biological and emotional impulses, such as drinking from a cup rather than from a bottle or asking permission before picking something up. As children mature, the results of socialization include knowing how to wait their turn, obey rules, or organize their days around a school or work schedule. We can see the results of socialization in just about everything, from men shaving their faces to women shaving their legs and armpits. Stages and Forms of Socialization Sociologists recognize two stages of socialization: primary and secondary. Primary socialization occurs from birth through adolescence. Caregivers, teachers, coaches, religious figures, and peers guide this process. Secondary socialization occurs throughout our lives as we encounter groups and situations that were not part of our primary socialization experience. This might include a college experience, where many people interact with members of different populations and learn new norms, values, and behaviors. Secondary socialization also takes place in the workplace or while traveling somewhere new. As we learn about unfamiliar places and adapt to them, we experience secondary socialization. Meanwhile, group socialization occurs throughout all stages of life. For example, peer groups influence how one speaks and dresses. During childhood and adolescence, this tends to break down along gender lines. It is common to see groups of children of either gender wearing the same hair and clothing styles. Organizational socialization occurs within an institution or organization to familiarize a person with its norms, values, and practices. This process often unfolds in nonprofits and companies. New employees in a workplace have to learn how to collaborate, meet managements goals, and take breaks in a manner suitable for the company. At a nonprofit, individuals may learn how to speak about social causes in a way that reflects the organizations mission. Many people also experience anticipatory socialization at some point. This form of socialization is largely  self-directed  and refers to the steps one takes to prepare for a new role, position, or occupation. This may involve seeking guidance from people whove previously served in the role, observing others currently in these roles, or training for the new position during an apprenticeship. In short, anticipatory socialization transitions people into new roles so they know what to expect when they officially step into them. Finally, forced socialization takes place in institutions such as prisons, mental hospitals, military units, and some boarding schools. In these settings, coercion is used to re-socialize people into individuals who behave in a manner fitting of the norms, values, and customs of the institution. In prisons and psychiatric hospitals, this process may be framed as rehabilitation. In the military, however, forced socialization aims to create an entirely new identity for the individual. Criticism of Socialization While socialization is a necessary part of society, it also has drawbacks. Since dominant cultural norms, values, assumptions, and beliefs guide the process, it is not a neutral endeavor. This means that socialization may reproduce the prejudices that lead to forms of social injustice and inequality. Representations of racial minorities in film, television, and advertising tend to be rooted in harmful stereotypes. These portrayals socialize viewers to perceive racial minorities in certain ways  and expect particular behaviors and attitudes from them. Race and racism influence socialization processes in other ways too. Research has shown that racial prejudices affect treatment and discipline of students. Tainted by racism, the behavior of teachers socializes all students to have low expectations for youth of color. This kind of socialization results in an over-representation of minority students in remedial classes and an under-representation of them in gifted class. It may also result in these students being punished more harshly for the same kinds of offenses that white students commit, such as talking back to teachers or coming to class unprepared. While socialization is necessary, its important to recognize the values, norms, and behaviors this process reproduces. As societys ideas about race, class, and gender evolve, so will the forms of socialization that involve these identity markers.

Big Brothers Essay - 943 Words

Becoming a mentor can have a tremendous impact on the life of a youngster. Children need someone to look up to that doesn’t necessarily need be a part of their immediate family. Sometimes they have no siblings, or maybe their siblings or parents are busy. Perhaps they have no grandparents to do things with. These children are the ones that spend their afternoons in crowded after school programs where they may not get the attention the crave. This may lead to isolation and oppositely over hyperactive children starved for attention. In other cases, some children who are not so fortunate as to be offered after-school programs are subject to the world outside all on their own. In too many cases, these are the children that become statistics.†¦show more content†¦No matter how trivial the obstacle, children should not have to live in fear or feel as if they are alone and have no one to talk to. This happens in too many instances, and just a simple friend could have made al l the difference. Though juvenile crimes are not on the rise, according to the National Center for Juvenile Justice, 18% of all arrests in the US are youths under the age of 18. Most of these crimes include rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. Students ages 12–18 were victims of an estimated 2.1 million in-school thefts in 1996—62% of all crimes in school. Students ages 12–18 were victims of an estimated 1.6 million thefts away from school in 1996—53% of all crimes against students away from school. Even if crime isn’t on the rise with school-aged children, problems do exist. These are problems that will not go away by themselves and all the metal detectors and safety measures will not keep kids safe outside of school. It is easy to say that the kids are misunderstood. Just a satisfying excuse to the behaviors of troubled kids. It doesn’t have to be that way. Directly quoted from the big brother/big sister web site is the following mission statement: Big Brothers Big Sisters of America have matched millions of children in need with caring adult mentors since 1904. Research shows that children with Big Brothers and Big Sisters are less likely to use drugs and alcohol, skip school, andShow MoreRelatedCultural And Artistic Values And The Success Of Big Brother2750 Words   |  11 Pagessuccess of Big Brother By Hasanein K Amori Big Brother is an example of a distinctive game doc that caused a transitional stage to traditional documentary and reality genre. Therefore, this essay will delve into its artistic and cultural value that award the show this distinction. The work will approach different dimensions evaluating the programme through a hierarchy of concepts. 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Energy Choices in Everyday Life free essay sample

Usage of electricity is also a huge abundance in my residents. A normal routine of using electricity varies from everything like lights computers, television, tablets and cell phones. Theres is not a day my family and I are not using energy as electricity. Next, commercial energy is the highest energy sources are used in my daily routine. As a nurse the amount of energy used on daily to accommodate work has could be at an all-time high. We use refrigerators for immunization, food and lab work. We use most of our energy on patients for example respiratory patients on ventilation and tracts.Living in the south, we cannot live with air conditioning units to monitor temps and keep down infection. In addition, many energy usages occur from daily use of laundry, medical equipment, sterilization machines such as autoclaves, computer and server use, and food service and Im sure Im missing others. We will write a custom essay sample on Energy Choices in Everyday Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sources used in the hospital can vary from natural gas, electricity and fuels. Lastly, would be my personal transportation. Personal vehicles, on the other hand, consume more than 60% of the energy used for transportation. (The National Academy of Sciences, 2015. ) On Average the energy I use on a daily basis is nonrenewable.What impacts have been observed on both humans and the environment as a result of increasing energy needs and use? There are many factors, both natural and humans that have a huge impact on the environment. Pollution is a short and long term problem we have on Earth. Pollution can cause changes in the planets energy balance, such as changes in the greenhouse effect, which affects the amount of heat retained by Earths atmosphere, variations in the suns energy reaching Earth changes in the reflectivity of Earths atmosphere and surface. The changes have changed the climate many times which have an effect on humans also.NRC EPA 2010) Our planet can is good at reusing waste but humans are producing more than what the Earth can handle. Pollution happened at different stages and it has an impact on all living things including species and humans. Unfortunately, humans are the most polluting species. If you were to seek a new energy resource for your home, what would you choose? If I had to choose new energy resources for my home I would choose solar panels. The main reason that most individuals convert their power source to solar energy is to cut down their electrical bill because the electrical usage generated from the sun is free.I love the sound Of free. Solar panels are energy that is taken from renewal able energy sources such as wind, sun, geothermal, and biomass. Installing solar panels is simple way for home to decrease its carbon and environmental impact. Also as stated previously that world pollution is getting worse and solar panels helps. Any effort that can reduce the pollution to the environment helps to save the earth. Therefore, solar energy that is harmless to the environment will be the major energy source for future. (http://www. Go-green. Awe/Greensboro. ) The challenge with solar panels is an intermittent energy source.The sun doesnt shine all day perfectly on panels and trees and taller houses that surround my house could shade the panels. Throughout the summer months, the suns rays can intermittently be blocked by clouds. So on these summer days the panel system faces challenges by not being efficient. Another challenge is the cost to install solar panels, even with several inducements. A solar panel system could still set one back a few thousands of dollars but the total price depends on the home, its location, size but even smaller systems can be expensive to install. How can simple changes make a big impact?Overall, there are small changes I can make to help make an impact on the environment. While at home I can use more natural lighting and natural air for cooling when weather is permitted. Sealing drafts on windows and doors to make sure that my home has adequate insulation can help with being more energy-efficient. Can replace my light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs. Could find local organizations that take back electronics like phones modems, irons, fans, heaters and microwaves for reuse and recycling. With Transportation I could carpool or drive less by riding a bike or using city transit.Hybrids cars and plug-in hybrids use a smaller amount Of gas and saves money on high gas priced. So when completing school I could purchase a new vehicle. Outwork, reducing, reusing, and recycling at the work saves energy, and reduces pollution. Double sided printing and copying; printing items needed; finding a company thats sales office supplies that a recycled or a company that will allow you to refill your uses ink cartridges; Having several recycling choices for items such as paper products, batteries. With these actions I can help energy usage and reduce pollution. I can ask my manager if your building has earned the Energy Star.

The Street to Mbari

The Street to Mbari-Painting Review Essay Art to me is an individuals way of expressing themselves in a very complex or unique way other than writing in simple text. One of my favorite black history pieces of artwork is the painting phone Street To Mamba. This masterpiece was painted by Jacob Lawrence, a profound African American born in Atlantic City, New Jersey in 1917. Lawrence was notorious for his paintings using the tempera method, in which he enjoyed the most out of all of his many crafts and talents. This painting in particular is 56. 5 X 78. CM. T is Of course tempera style based ever graphite on wove paper. This painting is currently located in the National Gallery Of Art in Washington, DC. Tempera is Latin for to mix. It means pigments that are mixed with egg yolk, a binder. Painting styles similar to tempera are: watercolors, and gouache. Tempera is the more famous technique of the three. This painting is very similar to Piers Della Francesca portrait of Federate dad Montenegro. In the sense of both paintings are very rich in colors painted in an unusual color scheme. We will write a custom essay on The Street to Mbari-Painting Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Both paintings are tempera style and portray images of people in their everyday environment. Some of the most obvious of differences would be the types of environments each painter is displaying. In Francesca painting it portrays a middle upper class couple posing for a nice family portrait by the country side, with green fields and flowers. While Larcenys painting is portraying almost the exact opposite. Larcenys painting displays a very busy street in a village in Nigeria with people performing their day to day choirs and conducting business as normal. The pattern scheme in this painting is very nasal and unique, The term that would be best used to describe the pattern scheme of this painting would have to be chaotic. Although the people in the painting do have humanoid features, such as ten fingers and ten toes. The facial and body parts of villagers are very cartoonist giving them an unreal appeal. The roof tops of the huts in the painting are vertical and diagonal all around. The lighting believed the artist used must have been direct due to the shades of the painting are only at the tops Of the painting. And if you look really closely you can see the brush strokes barely on the surface of the painting. In conclusion to Jacob Larcenys masterpiece, the display at the museum greatly influenced my interest toward choosing this painting. With the other select few black artist artworks in the mist, this allowed me to choose the perfect piece from the entire collection. Although Jacob Lawrence died back in the year 2000 of our lord, his piece of the puzzle in history will forever be remembered.